Skin pigmentation issues are common concerns for many individuals, affecting confidence and overall skin health. Among these, melasma and hyperpigmentation are frequently confused due to their similar appearance. However, they have distinct causes, symptoms, and treatments. Understanding these differences is essential for choosing the right treatment and maintaining healthy skin.

What is Melasma?

Melasma is a chronic skin condition characterized by dark, irregular patches, primarily on the face. It commonly appears on the cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, and upper lip. The condition is more prevalent in women, particularly those with darker skin tones, and is often linked to hormonal changes.

Causes of Melasma

1. Hormonal Fluctuations – Pregnancy, birth control pills, and hormone replacement therapy can trigger melasma.

2. Sun Exposure – Ultraviolet (UV) rays stimulate melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), worsening melasma.

3. Genetic Factors – A family history of melasma increases susceptibility.

4. Certain Medications – Some drugs, including those for epilepsy and skin conditions, may contribute to melasma development.

Symptoms of Melasma

• Brown or grayish patches on the face

• Symmetrical distribution on both sides of the face

• No physical discomfort, but significant cosmetic concern

Treatment for Melasma

1. Topical Treatments – Hydroquinone, tretinoin, azelaic acid, and kojic acid can help lighten patches.

2. Chemical Peel – Mild chemical peels, such as glycolic or lactic acid peels, promote exfoliation and skin renewal.

3. Laser Therapy – Low-energy laser toning treatments can reduce pigmentation without causing excessive damage.

4. Sun Protection – Broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 50+ is crucial in preventing melasma from worsening.

5. Oral Medications – In some cases, dermatologists may prescribe oral antioxidants or tranexamic acid to manage melasma.

What is Hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation is a broad term for any condition that causes skin darkening due to excess melanin production. It can appear anywhere on the body and affects people of all skin types.

Causes of Hyperpigmentation

1. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) – Occurs after skin injuries such as acne scars, burns, or cuts.

2. Sun Damage – Prolonged sun exposure triggers an overproduction of melanin, causing dark spots or stretch marks.

3. Medical Conditions – Addison’s disease, hemochromatosis, and certain metabolic disorders can lead to hyperpigmentation.

4. Reactions to Medication – Some antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and anti-seizure medications can cause skin darkening.

• Dark patches that may vary in size and location

• Can appear anywhere on the body, unlike melasma which primarily affects the face

• Can be caused by an injury or external factors

Treatment for Hyperpigmentation

1. Skin Lightening Agents – Hydroquinone, vitamin C, niacinamide, and alpha arbutin help reduce pigmentation.

2. Exfoliation Treatments – MDA Skin Polishing, microneedling, chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser toning remove pigmented skin layers.

3. Sun Protection – Sunscreen with SPF 30+ is essential to prevent further darkening.

4. Lifestyle Changes – Avoiding excessive sun exposure and using protective clothing can help manage hyperpigmentation.

Dr. Kashyap's clinic is conveniently located in Patna and is equipped with the latest medical technology.

If you are looking for a trusted and experienced dermatologist in Patna, look no further than Dr. Pallavi Kashyap at Dr. Kashyap Clinic. To schedule an appointment, call the clinic today or visit their website for more information.